Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS)

The Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System ( GSICS ) is an initiative of CGMS and WMO, which aims to ensure consistent calibration and inter-calibration of operational meteorological satellite instruments. EUMETSAT is one of the founding partners in GSICS, along with other national agencies responsible for operational weather satellites, under the coordination of WMO Detailed technical information on GSICS, including operational inter-calibration results, meeting news, technical documentation and scientific reports, is provided at the GSICS Coordination Centre.

Weather satellites inter-calibrated by GSICS (Click to enlarge)

EUMETSAT is concentrating on data from the current operational satellite instruments for which it is responsible (the geostationary Meteosat series and polar-orbiting Metop). Initial effort has been concentrated on the infrared channels of the SEVIRI , IASI and HIRS instruments. It is planned to extend this to channels in the solar-reflected band and inter-calibrations with instruments on satellites operated by our partner institutes. Developments are also underway to reprocess the full archive of Meteosat data using HIRS as a reference in support of EUMETSAT’s Climate Monitoring activities.

Details of GSICS products developed at EUMETSAT are available on the Inter-Calibration Data & Products page.

Inter-Calibration Documents	show all | hide all

EUMETSAT GSICS Reports

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GSICS Product Format Templates EUMETSAT Technical Report - EUM/OPS/TEN/12/1447, 2013		PDF, 199 KB
ATBD for EUMETSAT Pre-Operational GSICS Inter-Calibration of Meteosat-IASI EUMETSAT Technical Report - EUM/MET/TEN/11/0268, 2012		PDF, 814 KB
GSICS Traceability Statement for IASI and AIRS EUMETSAT Technical Report - EUM/MET/TEN/11/0157, 2011		PDF, 206 KB
Common Reference Channels for GEO IR Channels & Metrological Comparability T. Hewison and R. Kessel, GSICS Quarterly, Vol. 4, No. 4		PDF, 233 KB
GSICS SEVIRI-IASI Inter-calibration Uncertainty Analysis EUMETSAT Technical Report - EUM/MET/TEN/09/0750, 2010		PDF, 800 KB
ATBD for Prototype GSICS SEVIRI-IASI Inter-Calibration EUMETSAT Technical Note - EUM/MET/TEN/09/0774, 2010-12-14		PDF, 850 KB
GSICS Data and Products Server User Guide EUMETSAT Technical Report - EUM/OPS/MAN/09/1146, 2009		PDF, 922 KB
GSICS Data and Products Server Service Definition EUMETSAT Technical Report - EUM/OPS/SPE/09/0978, 2009		PDF, 147 KB
Quantifying the Impact of Scene Variability on Inter-Calibration T. Hewison, GSICS Quarterly - Vol.3, No.2, 2009		PDF, 390 KB
Impact of Meteosat-9 IR13.4 GSICS Correction T. Hewison, EUMETSAT Report - EUM/MET/REP/09/0359, 2009		PDF, 647 KB
Inter-Calibration of Meteosat Imagers and IASI Proceedings by T. J. Hewison and M. König, EUMETSAT Satellite Conference, Darmstadt, Germany, September 2008		PDF, 635 KB
MetOp-A IASI and HIRS Inter-Comparisons At EUMETSAT GSICS Quarterly, Vol.2, No.3, T. J. Hewison, 2008		PDF, 843 KB
Modelling Meteosat Second Generation Biases caused by Ice Contamination T. J. Hewison, May 2008		PDF, 233 KB
The Inter-calibration of Meteosat and IASI during 2007 T. J. Hewison, April 2008		PDF, 550 KB
SEVIRI/IASI Differences in 2007 GSICS Quarterly, Vol.2, No.1, T. J. Hewison, January 2008		PDF, 457 KB
Inter-Calibration of IASI with MSG-1/2 onboard METEOSAT-8/9 GSICS Quarterly, Vol.1, No.2, M. König, August 2007		PDF, 369 KB

EUMETSAT GSICS Presentations

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Three-way Inter-Calibration of SEVIRI on Meteosat-8 and -9 with IASI T. Hewison, M. Koenig, J. Mueller, R. Kessel, Poster presented at EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conference, Cordoba, Spain, 20-24 September 2010. EUM/MET/VWG/10/0285		PDF, 1.3 MB
Strategy for the Inter-Calibration of Solar Channels within GSICS Presented by T. Hewison at EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conference, Cordoba, Spain, 20-24 September 2010. EUM/MET/VWG/10/0282		PDF, 1.1 MB
Introduction to GSICS Presented by T. Hewison to CEOS WGCV-32 Meeting, 13-17 September 2010 -- Montreal, Canada EUM/MET/VWG/10/0358		PDF, 1.9 MB
Inter-Calibration of Meteosat, HIRS and IASI – Closing the Triangle Presented by T. Hewison, EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conference, Bath, UK, September 2009. EUM/MET/VWG/09/0418		PDF, 613 KB
Inter-Calibration of Meteosat Imagers and IASI Presentation by T. J. Hewison and M. König, EUMETSAT Satellite Conference, Darmstadt, Germany, September 2008		PDF, 483 KB
ISCCP's Contribution to Shaping the Work of Meteorological Satellite Operators Presentation by Johannes Schmetz and Ken Holmlund for the ISCCP 25th Anniversary Symposium, 23 - 25 July 2008, NASA GISS, USA		PDF, 873 KB
Inter-Calibration of MSG and IASI Presentation by T. J. Hewison and M. König to the 24th EUMETSAT STG-SWG, 13 March 2008		PDF, 416 KB
EUMETSAT Meteosat-IASI Inter-calibration Algorithm Presentation by T. J. Hewison to the GSICS Research Working Group, 20 Feb 2008		PDF, 330 KB

Calibration Documents	show all | hide all

EUMETSAT

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Intercalibration of the Meteosat-7 water vapor channel with SSM/T-2 JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 105, NO. D12, PAGES 15,673-15,680, B.Sohn, J.Schmetz, S.Tjemkes, M.Koenig, H.Lutz, A.Arriaga, E.Chung, JUNE 27, 2000.		PDF, 677 KB
Evaluation of radiative transfer simulations over bright desert calibration sites IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, Vol. 42, pp. 176-187. (Abstract.). Govaerts, Y.M. and M. Clerici, 2004.		PDF, 1167 KB
MSG-1/SEVIRI Solar Channels Calibration Commissioning Activity Report EUMETSAT Techn. Report EUM/MSG/TEN/04/0024, pp.35. Govaerts, Y.M. and M. Clerici, 2004.		PDF, 773 KB
Meteosat Second Generation: SEVIRI Radiometric Performance Results from the MSG-1 Commissioning Phase Proceedings of the 2003 EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conference, Weimar, Germany: 29 September - 3 October 2003, EUM P39, 273-280. Hanson, C. G., J. Mueller, P. Pili, D. M. A. Aminou, B. Jacquet, S. Bianchi, P. Coste, F. Faure, 2003.		PDF, 1104 KB
A new METEOSAT 'water vapor' archive for climate studies J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 108, No. D10, 4301. Copyright 2003 American Geophysical Union. Reproduced/modified by permission of American Geophysical Union. Picon, L., R. Roca, S. Serrar, J.L. Monge and.M. Desbois, 2003.		PDF, 921 KB
An introduction to Meteosat Second Generation(MSG) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., Vol. 83, No. 7, pp. 977-992. (Electronic supplements). Schmetz, J., P. Pili, S. Tjemkes, D. Just, J. Kerkmann, S. Rota and A. Ratier, 2002.		PDF, 718 KB
Analysis of the operational calibration of the Meteosat infrared-window channel Meteorol. Appl., 3, 307-316. Gube, M., V. Gärtner and J. Schmetz, 1996.
Calibration of the Meteosat water vapour channel. J. Geophys. Res. , Vol. 100, No. D10, 21069-21076. Copyright 1995 American Geophysical Union. Reproduced/modified by permission of American Geophysical Union. Van de Berg, L., J. Schmetz and J. Whitlock, 1995.		PDF, 2642 KB
Calibration of Meteosat water vapour channel observations with independent satellite observations J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 106, D6, 5199-5209. Tjemkes, S.A., M. König, H.-J. Lutz, L. van de Berg and J. Schmetz.

ESA-MERIS

ESA-AATSR

JMA

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Intercalibration of the Infrared Channels between GMS-5 and GOES-9 Meteorological Satellite Center Technical Note, No. 43, 1-18. Tahara, Y., N. Ohkawara and A. Okuyama. 2004.		PDF, 2028 KB
Digital Noise Filter for GOES-9 Visible Channel Meteorological Satellite Center Technical Note, No. 41, 21-35. Kigawa, S. and D. Chesters. 2002.		PDF, 524 KB
Operational GMS-5 VISSR Calibration Meteorological Satellite Center Technical Note, No. 39, 13-32.. Tokuno, M., S. Kurihara and Y. Kaido, 2001.		PDF, 2135 KB
Imaging Pre-processing Algorithm for MTSAT Meteorological Satellite Center Technical Note, No. 37, 1-18. Kigawa, S. 1999.

NOAA/NESDIS

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Intersatellite radiance biases for the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounders (HIRS) onboard NOAA-15, -16, and -17 from simultaneous nadir observations. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, in press. * Cao, C., H. Xu, J. Sullivan, L. McMillin, P. Ciren, and Y. Hou. 2005.
Comparison of Infrared Radiance Observations by AIRS and MODIS on EOS Aqua Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research. * Tobin, D. C., H. E. Revercomb, C. C. Moeller, and T. S. Pagano. 2005
The effect of orbit drift on the calibration of the 3.7um channel of the AVHRR onboard NOAA-14 and its impact on night-time sea surface temperature retrievals International Journal of remote sensing, Vol. 25, No. 5, 975-986. * Cao, C., J. Sullivan, E. Maturi, and J. Sapper. 2004.		PDF, 307 KB
Predicting simultaneous nadir overpasses among polar-orbiting meteorological satellites for the intersatellite calibration of radiometers Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, Vol. 21, April 2004, pp. 537-542. * Cao, C., M. Weinreb, and H. Xu. 2004.		PDF, 113 KB
Verification of the HIRS spectral response functions for more accurate atmospheric sounding 2004 conference on Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing, August 23-26, 2004, Logan, Utah. Cao, C., M. Weinreb, and S. Kaplan. 2004.
Inflight spectral calibration of HIRS using AIRS observations 13th conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, Sept. 20-23, 2004, Norfolk, VA. Cao, C, and P. Ciren. 2004.
Data selection criteria in star-based monitoring of GOES imager visible-channel responsivities SPIE, 5546, 253-261. Chang, I.-L., D. Crosby, C. Dean, M. Weinreb, P. Baltimore, J. Baucom, and D. Han. 2004.
Intercalibration of the Infrared Window and Water Vapor Channels on Operational Geostationary Environmental Satellites Using a Single Polar Orbiting Satellite J. Atmos. Oceanic Tech., 21, 61-68. * Gunshor, M. M., T. J. Schmit, and W. P. Menzel. 2004.		PDF, 208 KB
Use of inflight space count measurements to constrain the calibration offset in the AVHRR solar reflectance bands Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, in press. Ignatov, A, C. Cao, J. Sullivan, X. Wu, R. Levin, R. Galvin. 2004.
A Study of the NOAA-16 AMSU-A Brightness Temperatures Observed over Amazon Rainforest, Remote Sensing of Environment submitted, 2004. Mo. T. 2002.
Microwave Humidity Sounder Calibration Algorithm NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 116. Mo, T. 2004. and K. Jarva
Diurnal cycle of convection, clouds, and water vapor in the tropical upper troposphere: Satellites versus a general circulation model J. Geophys. Res., 109, D10101, doi:10.1029/2003JD004117. Tian, B., B. J. Soden, and X. Wu. 2004.
Operational Calibration of AVHRR/3 Solar Reflectance Channels 2004 Conference on Characterization and Radiometric Calibration for Remote Sensing, Logan, Utah, 24 August 2004. * Wu, X. 2004.
Operational High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder Calibration Algorithms and Their Effects on Calibration Accuracy Proceedings of the International ATOVS Working Group Conference, ITSC XIII, Sainte Adele, Canada, Oct. 29, - Nov. 4, 2003. Cao, C, and P. Ciren, 2003
First comparison of radiances measured by AIRS/AQUA and HIRS/NOAA-16&-17 Proceedings of the International ATOVS Working Group Conference, ITSC XIII, Sainte Adele, Canada, Oct. 29, - Nov. 4, 2003. Ciren, P. and C. Cao. 2003.
New Analysis with the Intercalibration of Geostationary and Polar-Orbiting Radiance Measurements Report of CGMS XXXI held in Ascona, Switzerland, 3-7 November 2003. EUMETSAT publication. Gunshor, M. M., T. J. Schmit, and W. P. Menzel. 2003.
First satellite intercalibration comparing high spectral resolution AIRS with operational geostationary imagers 12th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography. Long Beach, CA, 9-13 February 2003. Gunshor, M. M., D. Tobin, T. J. Schmit, and W. P. Menzel. 2003.
Imager and sounder radiance and product validations for the GOES-12 science test NOAA Technical Report 115, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC. Hillger, D. W., T. J. Schmit, and J. M. Daniels. 2003.
Inter-calibration of the MODIS and ATSR-2 International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 24, No. 9, pp.1913-1924. Rao, C.R.N., C. Cao, and N. Zhang. 2003.
Inter-comparison of 11um and 12um bands of Terra and Aqua MODIS using AVHRR/NOAA-17 Earth Observing Systems, Edited by W. Barnes, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4814, pp. 306-316. San Diego, CA. Wu, A., C. Cao, and X. Xiong. 2003.
Post-launch calibration of AVHRR and GOES solar channels CGMS XXXI. Wu, X., and M. P. Weinreb. 2003.
Post-launch calibration of GOES Imager visible channel using MODIS " Proc. ISSSR'03. * Wu, X. 2003.
Inter-comparison of the longwave infrared channels of MODIS and AVHRR/NOAA-16 using simultaneous nadir observations at orbit intersections, Earth Observing Systems VII : " Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 4814. * Cao, C. and A. Heidinger. 2002.		PDF, 1.49 MB
Intercalibration of geostationary and polar-orbiting infrared window and water vapor radiances Report of CGMS XXX held 11-15 November 2002 in Bangalore, India. EUMETSAT publication. Gunshor, M. M., T. J. Schmit, and W. P. Menzel. 2002.
Using MODIS to calibrate AVHRR reflectance channels Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 107, No. D23, pp. 4702-4711. * Heidinger, A., C. Cao, and J. Sullivan. 2002.		PDF, 466 KB
NOAA KLM User's Guide * Kidwell, K., Ed. September 2000. NOAA KLM User's Guide
An Algorithm for Correction of Lunar Contamination in AMSU-A Data NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 111. 30pp. Kigawa, S., and T. Mo. 2002.
NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) Instrument Characterization and Calibration, and Product Validation: An Integrated Strategy in Preparation for the NPOESS New Generation of Environmental Satellites Conference on Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Clouds at the SPIE Third International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Symposium 2002 held in Hangzhou, China 23 - 27 October 2002. Mango, S. A., R. E. Murphy, H. Ouaidrari and W. P. Menzel. 2002.
Intercomparison of the Operational Calibration of GOES-7 and Meteosat-3/4 NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS 73. * Menzel, W. P., J. Schmetz, S. Nieman, L. van de Berg, V. Gaertner, and T. J. Schmit. 1993.		PDF, 8.16 MB
A Study of the NOAA-16 AMSU-A Brightness Temperatures Observed over Libyan Desert J. Geophys. Res. Vol.107 (D14) 10.1029/2001JD001158. Mo, T. 2002.
Calibration of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A Radiometers for NOAA-N and NOAA-N NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 106, Mo, T. 2002.
Calibration monitoring of the visible and near-infrared channels of the Along-Track Scanning Radiometer-2 by use of stable terrestrial sites Applied Optics, 41, pp 515-523. Smith, D. L., C. T. Mutlow, and C. R. N. Rao. 2002.
Calibration monitoring of the visible and near-infrared channels of the Along-Track Scanning Radiometer-2 by use of stable terrestrial siteS Appl. Opt., 41, 515-523. Smith, D. L., C. T. Mutlow, and C. R. N. Rao. 2002.
Solar contamination effects on the infrared channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, (D24), pp 33,463-33,469. Cao, C., M. Weinreb, and J. Sullivan. 2001.
GOES-11 Science Test: GOES-11 Imager and Sounder Radiance and Product Validations NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 103, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC. Daniels, J. M. and T. J. Schmit. 2001.
Intercalibration of geostationary and polar-orbiting infrared window and water vapor radiances Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 11th, Madison, WI, 15-18 October 2001 (preprints). Boston, MA, American Meteorological Society, 2001, pp 442-445. Gunshor, M. M.; T. J. Schmit, and W. P. Menzel. 2001.
Intercalibration of Geostationary and Polar Orbiting Infrared Window and Water Vapor Radiances Report of CGMS XXIX held 22 - 25 October 2001 in Capri, Italy. EUMETSAT publication. Gunshor, M. M., T. J. Schmit, and W. P. Menzel. 2001.
Recalibration of the NOAA Microwave Sounding Unit Geophys. Res. Vol. 106, pp 10,145-10,150. M. D. Goldberg, D. S. Crosby, and Z. Cheng, J., Mo, T. 2001.
Post-launch calibration of the visible channel of the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) on the NOAA-14 spacecraft Int. J. Rem. Sens., 22, 2431-2438. Rao, C. R. N., J. T. Sullivan , and N. Zhang. 2001.
Inter-calibration of meteorological satellite sensors in the visible and near-infrared Adv. Space Res., 28, 3-10. Rao, C. R. N., N. Zhang, and J. T. Sullivan. 2001.
Intercalibration of geostationary (GOES, Meteosat, GMS) and polar orbiting (HIRS, AVHRR, MODIS) Infrared window and Water Vapor Radiances Report of CGMS XXVIII held 16 - 20 October 2000 in Woods Hole, MA. EUMETSAT publication. Gunshor, M. M., T. J. Schmit, and W. P. Menzel. 2000.
NOAA-L and NOAA-M AMSU-A Antenna Pattern Corrections NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 98. Mo, T. 2000.
MSU Antenna Pattern Data NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 94. Mo, T, Thomas Kleespies, and J. P. Green. 2000.
Inter-calibration of geostationary (GOES, Meteosat, GMS) and polar-orbiting (HIRS and AVHRR) infrared window radiances Report of CGMS XXVII, held 13 - 19 October 1999 in Beijing, China. EUMETSAT publication. Gunshor, M. M., T. J. Schmit, and W. P. Menzel. 1999.
AMSU-A Antenna Pattern Corrections IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 37, pp 103-112. Mo, T. 1999
Post Launch Evaluation of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A on the NOAA-15 Satellite in Earth Observing Systems IV William Barnes, Editor, Proc. Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Vol. 3750, pp.195-206. Mo, T. 1999.
Calibration of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A Radiometers for NOAA-L and NOAA-M NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 92. Mo, T. 1999.
Revised post-launch calibration of the visible and near- infrared channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-14 spacecraft Int. J. Rem. Sens., 20, pp 348-3491. Rao, C. R. N., and J. Chen. 1999.
Post-launch calibration of the visible and near infrared channels of the AVHRR and GOES imager CGMS XXVII. Rao, C.R.N. 1999.
Post-launch calibration of meteorological satellite sensors Adv. Space. Res., 23, 1357-1365. Rao, C. R. N., J. Chen, J. T. Sullivan, and N. Zhang. 1999.
New radiance-based method for AVHRR thermal channel nonlinearity corrections International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 20, No. 18, 3493-501. Sullivan, J. 1999.
GOES 8-10 calibration experience Adv. Space Res., 23, pp. 1367-1375. Weinreb, M.P., R.X. Johnson, J.G. Baucom, and J.C. Bremer. 1999.
Estimation of long-term throughput degradation of GOES 8 & 9 visible channels by statistical analysis of star measurements Proc. SPIE, Vol. 3439, pp 145-154. Bremer, J. C., J. G. Baucom, H. Vu, M. P. Weinreb, and N. Pinkine. 1998.
Estimation of long-term throughput degradation of GOES 8 & 9 visible channels by statistical analysis of star measurements Proc. SPIE, Vol. 3439, pp 145-154. Bremer, J. C., J. G. Baucom, H. Vu, M. P. Weinreb, and N. Pinkine. 1998.
Application of GOES-8/9 Soundings to Weather Forecasting and Nowcasting Prepublication text for the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society: Vol. 79, No. 10, pp. 2059-2078. * Menzel, W. P., Holt, F. C., Schmit, T. J., Aune, R. M., Schreiner, A. J., Wade, G. S., Gray, D. G. 1998. American Meteorological Society		PDF, 1.16 MB
Program for Intercalibration of GMS, GOES, and Meteosat, versus HIRS and AVHRR Infrared Radiances Report of CGMS XXVI held 6 - 10 July 1998 in Nikko, Japan. EUMETSAT publication. Menzel, W..P., J. Schmetz, and M. Tokuno. 1998.
Corrections for detector nonlinearities and calibration inconsistencies of the infrared channels of the advance very high resolution radiometer J. Geophys. Res., 103, 3323-3337. Walton, C. C., J. T. Sullivan, C. R. N. Rao, and M. P. Weinreb. 1998
Intercalibration of GOES, Meteosat, GMS, HIRS, and AVHRR infrared radiances Conf on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, held May 25 - 29, 1998 in Paris, France, AMS Publication. Wanzong, S., W. P. Menzel, and G. Callan. 1998
Intercalibration of GOES, Meteosat, GMS, HIRS, and AVHRR Infrared Radiances Report of CGMS XXVI held 6 - 10 July 1998 in Nikko, Japan. EUMETSAT publication. Wanzong, S. and W. P. Menzel. 1998.
Vicarious calibration of meteorological satellite sensors in the visible and near-infrared region of the spectrum SPIE, 3117, 320-331. Rao, C. R. N., J. Chen, J. T. Sullivan, N. Zhang, and W. Wang. 1997.
Intercalibration of GOES, Meteosat, and HIRS Infrared Radiances Report of CGMS XXV held 2 - 6 June in St. Petersburg, Russia. EUMETSAT publication. Wanzong, S. and W. P. Menzel. 1997.
Operational calibration of GOES-8 and -9 imagers and sounders Applied Optics, 36, pp. 6895-6904. * Weinreb, M.P., M. Jamieson, N. Fulton, Y. Chen, J.X. Johnson, C. Smith, J. Bremer, and J. Baucom. 1997. Operational calibration of GOES-8 and -9 imagers and sounders (NOAA)
Characteristics of E/W stripes in infrared images from the GOES-8 Imager SPIE, 2812, 587-595. Baucom, J. G., and M. P. Weinreb. 1996.
Statistical properties of inter-calibration techniques which use empirical distribution functions SPIE, 2812, 614-617. Crosby, D. S., and E. Randou. 1996.
Inter-satellite calibration using empirical distribution functions 8th Conf. Sat. Meteor. Ocean., Atlanta, GA. 188-190. Crosby, D. S., M. D. Goldberg, and W. Chung. 1996.
GOES-8 Imager Midnight Effects and Slope Correction. In GOES-8 and Beyond Edward R. Washwell, Editor, Proc. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE), 2812, pp. 596-607. Johnson, R.X., and M.P. Weinreb. 1996.
Intercomparison of the Spin Scan and Three Axis Stable Geostationary Satellite Infrared Calibrations Report of CGMS XXIV held 22-26 April 1996 in Lauenen, Switzerland. CGMS publication, A76-A81. Menzel, W. P.and S. Wanzong. 1996.
Pre-launch calibration of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A on NOAA-K IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 44, pp. 1460-1469. Mo. T. 1996.
Post-launch calibration of the visible and near-infrared channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer on the NOAA-14 spacecraft Int. J. Rem. Sens., 17, 2743-2747. Rao, C. R. N., J. Chen, 1996.
Calibration of meteorological satellite sensors Adv. Space Res., 17, 11-20. Rao, C. R. N., J. Chen, J. T. Sullivan, C. C. Walton, and M. P. Weinreb. 1996.
Sounder bias correction of the East-West radiance gradient SPIE Conference. GOES-8 & Beyond. Denver, CO, 4-9 August, 630-637. Schmit, T. J. 1996.
Real-world calibration of GOES-8 and -9 sensors SPIE, 2812, 572-586. Weinreb, M. P. 1996.
Algorithm to compensate for variation of reflectance of GOES-8 and -9 scan mirrors with scan angle 8th Conf. Sat. Meteor. Ocean., Atlanta, GA, 110-114. Weinreb, M. P., J. X. Johnson, J. C. Bremer, E. C. Wack, and O. Chen. 1996.
Comparison of HIRS, GOES and Meteosat Calibration Report of CGMS XXIII held 15-19 April 1995 in Darmstadt, Germany. CGMS publication, A105-A113. Menzel, W. P., S. Wanzong, and J. Schmetz. 1995.
A Study of the Microwave Sounding Unit on the NOAA-12 Satellite IEEE Trans. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 33, pp 1141-1152. Mo, T. 1995.
Calibration of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A for NOAA-K NOAA Tech. Report NESDIS 85, 37 pp. * Mo, T. 1995.		PDF, 26.85 MB
Inter-satellite calibration linkages for the visible and near- infrared channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-7, -9, and -11 spacecraft Int. J. Rem. Sens., 16, pp 1931-1942. * Rao, C. R. N., and J. Chen. 1995.
A simple, accurate method to compute brightness temperature and/or radiance for the thermal infrared channels of AVHRR International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 16, No. 4, 773-777. Sullivan, J. 1995.
Comparison of GOES and Meteosat Calibration and Products 10th Meteosat Scientific Users Conference held 5-9 September, 1994 in Cascais, Portugal. EUMETSAT publication, 71-82. Menzel, W. P., S. Wanzong, S. Nieman, F. Wu, C. Velden, and J. Schmetz. 1994.
Recalibration of the advanced very high resolution radiometer for climate change research Adv. Space Res., 14, 117-120. Rao, C. R. N., M. P. Weinreb, and J. Chen. 1994.
Operational in-orbit calibration of the GOES-I Imager and Sounder 7th Conf. Sat. Meteor. Ocean., Monterey, CA, 473-476. Weinreb, M. P., W. C. Bryant, M. S. Maxwell, and J. C. Bremer. 1994
Spectral radiance-temperature conversions for measurements by AVHRR thermal channels 3, 4, 5 NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 71. Davis, P. 1993.
Nonlinearity Corrections for the Thermal Infrared Channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer: Assessment and Corrections NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 69, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC. Rao, C.R.N., J.T. Sullivan, C.C. Walton, J.W. Brown, and R.H. Evans. 1993.
Degradation of the visible and near-infrared channels of the advanced very high resolution radiometer on the NOAA-9 spacecraft: Assessment and recommendations for corrections NOAA Tech. Rep., NESDIS 70, 25 pp. Rao, C. R. N., and co-authors. 1993.
Calibration fo the visible and near-infrared channels of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) after launch SPIE, 1938, 56-65. Rao, C. R. N., J. Chen. 1993.
Post-launch calibration and characterization of the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR): A pathefinder activity Irs '92, Keevallik and Karner (Eds.), Deepak Publishing, 326-329. Rao, C. R. N., C. C. Walton, J. Sullivan, M. P. Weinreb, and J. Chen. 1992.
GOES/VAS Infrared Calibration Infrared Radiometric Sensor Calibration Symposium, Logan, UT, September 16, 1992. Schmit, T. J. and W. P. Menzel. 1992.
Nonlinearity corrections in calibration of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer J. Geophys. Res., 95, 7381-7388. Weinreb, M.P., G. Hamilton, S. Brown, and R.J. Koczor. 1990.
Destriping GOES images by matching empirical distribution functions Rem. Sens. Environ., 29, 185-195. Weinreb, M. P., J. X. Johnson, J. H. Lienesch, and D. S. Crosby. 1989.
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