Monitoring weather and climate from space

SEM

The Space Environmental Monitor (SEM-2) is a multi-channel, charged-particle spectrometer that provides measurements to determine the intensity of the Earth's radiation belts and the flux of charged particles at the satellite altitude. It provides knowledge of solar terrestrial phenomena and also provides warnings of solar wind occurrences that may impair long-range communication, high-altitude operations, damage to satellite circuits and solar panels, or cause changes in drag and magnetic torque on satellites.

SEM-2 consists of two separate sensor units (TED and MEPED) and a common Data Processing Unit (DPU). The Total Energy Detector (TED) measures electron and proton energy fluxes in the 0.05 to 20 keV energy range. The TED consists of eight Electrostatic Analyzers, that select particles according to their charge and energy, and which produce a pulse for each incident particle. The Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector (MEPED) senses protons, electrons, and ions with energies from 30keV to levels exceeding 6.9MeV, using two proton telescopes with Solid State Detectors, two electron telescopes and four omni-directional sensors.

The SEM-2 instrument is one of the non-meteorological instruments on Metop. It has been added to the set of American instruments in order to guarantee NASA/NOAA a continuity in the determination of auroral activity, intensities of charged particle radiation within the Earth's atmosphere that can degrade radio communications (occasionally making short wave radio communication impossible in the polar regions), can occasionally disrupt the proper operation of satellite systems, and when intensities are high, increase the radiation dose to astronauts in space.

The Space Environment Center (SEC) processes the particle counts received from Metop, monitors solar activity and the state of the Earth's near space environment. Warnings are issued to advisories and forecasts of conditions are relayed to customers whose systems are affected.

SEM Summary Budgets

  Mass   TED: 4.7kg
MEPED: 8.7kg
DPU: 4.6kg
 
  Dimensions   TED: 184mm x 314mm x 193mm
MEPED: 282mm x 252mm x 138mm
DPU: 287mm x 267mm x 79mm
 
  Data rate   160 bps  

SEM-2 is provided by NOAA and developed by Assurance Technology Corporation (formerly Panametrics), Waltham, Massachusetts, USA, under contract to NASA.

 
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